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pohja

Pronunciation: /ˈpohjɑ/

“pohja” is a Finnish word. Its 12 meanings in English:

noun

  1. bottom (lowest part of anything, such as a container, body of water or a hole)
  2. bed (place, or flat surface or layer, on which something else rests or is laid)
  3. basis, foundation
  4. fundament (underlying basis or principle)
  5. crust (outer layer composed of pastry; bread-like base of a pizza)
  6. synonym of perä (“far end of something”)
  7. background, backdrop (especially in relation to shapes that stand out of the background)
  8. layout (spatial arrangement of a building or flat)
  9. template, layout (generic model or pattern from which other objects are based or derived, especially texts)
  10. north, northern, Arctic (sometimes capitalized)
  11. bottom, invert (base of a tunnel)
  12. invert (lowest point in a pipe)

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *pohja (compare Estonian põhi); see the Proto-Finnic entry for more. Doublet of posio (borrowed from Sami). The sense "north" is due to the practice of building dwellings facing south (as that was the direction the sun would shine from at noon in Northern Europe), and thus the far end of a building furthest from the entrance would be situated towards the north.

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Definitions are from Wiktionary, extracted by Kaikki.org, and are available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.